Sleep and Rest In Macbeth Essay - 1787 Words

In William Shakespeare’s ‘Macbeth’ sleep is a very significant aspect of the play which is portrayed by many references to it and occurrences that result in sleep deprivation. To emphasize the importance of resting Shakespeare uses varied poetic language and sleep distortions. Sleep comes as a significant theme of the play when Macbeth, persuaded by Lady Macbeth kills King Duncan while he is asleep at their house. Consequently, Macbeth suffers from devastating nightmares and delusions which are the reasons for his constant paranoia and anxiety that lead to numerous murders. Shakespeare’s choice of language shows that he values ability to sleep, which in my opinion is influenced by his own experience. He thinks of it as a â€Å"balm of hurt†¦show more content†¦The scene is an introduction to the sleeping problems that soon will be plaguing Macbeth. Three witches in the â€Å"Macbeth† seem to be connected with spiritual world, prophecies and the knowledge far beyond humans and indicate darkness, chaos and confusion. Thus, the tension and suspense is created; moreover it shows the impact the witches with their supernatural gifts will have on the protagonist later in the play. Macbeth and his wife seem convinced that under the cover of night, their abhorrent act of murder will be disguised. Killing the King while asleep it disloyal and represents hurting the innocent and vulnerable. After Lady Macbeth allied herself with the darkness and evil, Macbeth is his speech in Act 2, scene 2 refers to â€Å"The curtained sleep† which indicates being under cover. Also, eyelids cover the eyes like curtains to prevent from seeing anything at night. The next lines are as follows: â€Å" (...) witchcraft celebrates Pale Hecate’s offerings; and withered murder, Alarumed by his sentinel the wolf.† (I, ii, 51-23) The nocturnal creatures in these lines are associated with supernatural and night as well as the occultist rituals that typically will take place after midnight, when â€Å"o’er the one half-world nature seems dead†. Subsequently, there is a reference to the name of the Prince of Rome – Tarquin, who allegedly raped his hostess inShow MoreRelatedImages of Night and Sleep in Macbeth by William Shakespeare Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pagesof Night and Sleep in Macbeth by William Shakespeare The Shakespearean work Macbeth is a dramatic tragedy. It is a serious play that represents the disastrous downfall of its central character, Macbeth. In this tragedy there are many terrible acts of bloodthirsty, premeditated violence. Many of these gruesome acts happen at night. These incidents of tragedy have a major affect on the main characters and their actions. Macbeth also contains many images of sleep. As the Read MoreMacbeth by William Shakespeare770 Words   |  3 PagesThe play Macbeth is written by William Shakespeare. It is believed to be written between 1603 and 1607 and set in eleventh century Scotland. It is also believed to be first performed in 1606. It is considered to be one of the darkest and most powerful tragedies. Macbeth, set in Scotland, dramatizes the psychological and political effects produced when evil is chosen to fulfill the ambition of power. The Tragedy of Macbeth is Shakespeare’s shortest tragedy and tells the story of Macbeth, a ScottishRead MoreMacbeth Motif Critical Analysis : Macbeth1383 Words   |  6 PagesMichael Efstration Mrs. Beauchamp H English 12 6 January 2015 Macbeth Motif Critical Analysis: Sleeplessness Macbeth is a play about a man and his desires that get the best of him. The calamity is fashioned through the inspiration of several characters including his wife, Lady Macbeth and the exciting force the witches create that begin the underlying motif of sleeplessness. Macbeth is a good person at heart, but through various temptations becomes obsessed and gets destroyed by the very thingRead MoreExplore the Ways Hamlet and Macbeth Both Shows Depression in Their Plays.1612 Words   |  7 Pagesthe plots of ‘Hamlet’ and ‘Macbeth’. Although the despair in Macbeth is represented by guilt and in ‘Hamlet’ it is by grief. Both emotions result in the tragic ends of characters such as Ophelia and Lady Macbeth. In ‘Macbeth’ Shakespeare repeatedly plays around with the word ‘sleep’ in ways that are both hidden and obvious. In doing this, he leads the audience to think of sleep as something that soothes the mind and is a release from stress. Macbeth talks of sleep as something precious, andRead MoreEssay on Lady Macbeth1109 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the tragedy of Macbeth we observe two people on their attempt to gain power and glory through various foul actions. It can be argued that Lady Macbeth is the one responsible for triggering a slippage into this inevitable situation that led to their descent. From the moment Macbeth became aware of his â€Å"fate† Lady Macbeth started forming her own imaginary world in which her evil plans seemed likely to be effective. The thought of she and her husband being royalty makes her dismiss rationalityRead MoreTragic Imagination: Shakespeares Macbeth Essay585 Words   |  3 Pagestheir perception. In William Shak espeare’s play, Macbeth, the main character is often influenced by his imaginative mind, and evidence of this can be found in three scenes: act 2, scene 2 after the murder of king Duncan; act 3, scene 4 when banquo’s ghost haunts the feast; and act 5, scene 3 before the final battle. To begin, Macbeth’s imagination in 2:2 adds to the tragedy by foreshadowing events that will take place later on in the play. After Macbeth has killed the great monarch Duncan, he and hisRead More Importance of Sleep in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay954 Words   |  4 Pages Macbeth:nbsp; The Importance of Sleep nbsp; Macbeth nbsp;nbsp;Sleep is a time when our minds are at rest and the subconscious comes out to play.nbsp; Sleep is oftentimes considered the place where we are able to see into our future and perhaps figure out how to solve our problems.nbsp; Sleep is also what heals and cures our minds and bodies.nbsp; Without sleep we slowly begin to disintegrate.nbsp; Mind and body no longer cooperate without the healing force sleep brings with it.nbsp;Read MoreSleep in Macbeth789 Words   |  4 PagesSleep became a very important symbol in William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Macbeth†. A major theme of the play was guilt and how it ate away at the life and personality of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth, tearing them away from who they used to be. The nightmare that their lives turned into was a reflection on their lack of sleep and inability to escape from the evils they committed. Right after Macbeth murders Duncan, he says â€Å"Now o er the one half-world / Nature seems dead, and wicked dreams abuse / The curtainRead MoreHow Does Shakespeare Present the Psychological Deterioration of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth?951 Words   |  4 Pagespsychological deterioration of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth? When considering the idea of disturbed minds we are quickly drawn to an image of mental illness, brutality or social disorder but this is not always the case. There are many reasons as to why an individual might have a disturbed mind: stress, traumatic experiences, childhood problems or illness. Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Macbeth† is about a loyal warrior a â€Å"lion† and his wife being destroyed by their minds, which cannot lay at rest after killing the kingRead MoreMacbeth Character Analysis1073 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Shakespeare play, Macbeth, there is a character who at first appears to be a noble and honest soldier under the reign of Duncan, but his ambition got to the best of him after hearing the three witches prophecies. Macbeths characteristics change gradually throughout the play. His lust for power is causing him to do terrible decisions that only creates guilt and paranoia for the fallen character. Shakespeare demonstrates the impact of the change o f personality on Macbeth and other prominent characters

School Of Engineering And Technology - 1714 Words

PROJECT ON BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION Submitted To AMITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Guided By: Submitted By: Mr. N.B Mishra Ali Bakshi (Faculty of Civil Engineering) Enrollment No. A2315811003 Amity School Of Engineering Technology B.Tech Civil (2011-2015) Amity University, NOIDA, Uttar Pradesh ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my gratitude to Amity School Of Engineering and Technology for giving me the opportunity to study and analyse the process of making a bridge and promoting me to working on the site. I would like to thank The Jammu Kashmir Construction Corporation Ltd. for guiding me through the process of constructing a bridge. I am grateful to my Faculty Guide Mr. N.B Mishra for his supervision, guidance and constant help. I would like to thank my parents and my friends for their constant encouragement. Signature Signature (Ali Bakshi) (Mr. N.B Mishra) CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Mr. Ali Bakshi, student of B.Tech in CivilShow MoreRelatedSchool Of Engineering And Information Technology3597 Words   |  15 PagesSchool of Engineering and Information Technology ASSESSMENT COVER SHEET Student Name George Mamouzellos Student ID S150313 Assessment Title Draft Project Report Unit Number and Title PMO303 Project Part B Lecturer/Tutor Barbara White Date Submitted 7th September 2014 Date Received Office use only KEEP A COPY Please be sure to make a copy of your work. If you have submitted assessment work electronically make sure you have a backup copy. PLAGIARISM Plagiarism is the presentation of the work ofRead MoreSample Resume : School Of Engineering And Technology Essay6807 Words   |  28 PagesSUMMER INTERNSHIP AT BOCSH PVT. LTD. Submitted to Amity School of Engineering and Technology Guided By: Submitted By: Mr. PRASHANT GILL GURSAHIB SINGH Department MAE A2325312019 ASET 5MAE5(Y), ASET Amity University, Uttar Pradesh ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I feel grateful towards our MAE department who has solved my every query from time to timeRead MoreEssay on Architectural Engineering978 Words   |  4 Pages There are 25 major specialties in engineering that are recognized by professional societies. In any one of those 25 specialties, the goal of the engineer is the same. The goal is to be able to come up with a cost effective design that aids people in the tasks they face each day. Whether it be the coffee machine in the morning or the roads and highways we travel, or even the cars we travel in, it was all an idea that started with an engineer. Someone engineered each idea to make it the best solutionRead MoreThe Duty of Nuclear Engineers Essay1311 Words   |  6 Pageswould be responsible for the safe and productive running of nuclear power stations. In addition the skills you need to become a nuclear engineer are to be good at math and science, using technology, having good organization, analysing, and problem solving, Salary Nuclear engineering it is the smallest engineering field amongst other that it is only expects an increase of 1,900 jobs from 2008-2018, which is about average for this field, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labour Statistics. AlthoughRead MoreCollege And Career Research Essay1158 Words   |  5 Pagesfuture; after high school, after college, the future is a later time period that will happen in one’s life. For my future I plan to attend college and later become an engineer. College is one of the best choices available for high school graduates to ensure a successful future. Colleges offer specialized learning that when attended can open many opportunities. Two colleges I may attend after high school are Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) or California Institute of Technology (Caltech). AfterRead More100kin10 Goals798 Words   |  4 PagesObama to provide waivers for stipulations in the No Child Left Behind Act. The NCLB included a deadline to have all students proficient in math and reading by 2014. The waiver provided flexibility to states in creating their own plans for failing schools and student-achievement goals (McNeil Klein, 2011). The requirements for states to utilize the waiver included: the creation of standards that focused on college and career readiness and the development of teacher evaluations based on students’Read MoreArchitectural Engineering994 Words   |  4 PagesThere are 25 major specialties in engineering that are recognized by professional societies. In any one of those 25 specialties, the goal of the engineer is the same. The goal is to be able to come up with a cost effective design that aids people in the tasks they face each day. Whether it be the coffee machine in the morning or the roads and highways we travel, or even the cars we travel in, it was all an idea that started with an engineer. Someone engineered each idea to make it the best solut ionRead MoreThe Engineering Of Mechanical Engineering919 Words   |  4 PagesMechanical engineering is a field of engineering, which relies on the use of material science and physics for the design, manufacturing, analysis and maintenance of mechanical systems. This area requires a good understanding of the core engineering concepts such as mechanics, thermodynamics, kinematics, structural analysis, material science, and electricity. With all these, mechanical engineers have to be conversant with tools like computer-aided design, industrial equipment and machinery, transportRead MoreKnowledge Must Always Be Improved and Challenged Essay1076 Words   |  5 PagesElectrical Engineering at your university. A natural aptitude for Mathematics and Science and curiosity to learn both the subjects resulted in excellent performance in both subjects. In school, from 6th grade I use to give national and international level exams like National Level Science Talent Search Exam, International Assessment for National Schools conducted by The University of New South Wales, Australia and National Science Olympiad. In 9th grade, I secured 1st rank in school and 10thRead MoreResearch Experience For High School Students : A Retrospective Analysis1569 Words   |  7 PagesFaculty in Engineering and Technology at Historically Black Colleges and Universities Angel Lyles-Grayer Klein Oak High School Houston, TX Mentor: Rochelle L. Williams, Ph.D. Office of Academic Affairs Research Experience for High School Students (REH) Program Prairie View AM University Summer 2017 ________________________________ Angel Lyles-Grayer ________________________________ Rochelle L. Williams, Ph.D. Outcomes of Advancing Women Faculty in Engineering and Technology at Historically

Outline and evaluate two or more therapies used in the treatment of Schizophrenia free essay sample

There is no established permanent cure for Schizophrenia, but there are a variety of therapies which help prevent schizophrenic episodes and also help sufferers deal with their mental illness. One of the main types of therapy used is drug therapy. Drug therapy involves issuing a patient psychotherapeutic drug(s) which are used to alter the chemical functioning of the brain by affecting the action of neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters transmit signals between nerve cells called synapses. Neurotransmitters lead to changes in moods, feelings, perception and behaviour. The main category of drugs used for treating Schizophrenia is anti-psychotic drugs or neuroleptics. These lessen psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations, examples of these drugs could be chlorpromazine or clozapine. Typical antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) work by reducing dopamine within schizophrenia sufferers. Common forms of neuroleptics include drugs such as Thorazine, Prolixin and Haldol. These drugs actually block the activity of the dopamine neurotransmitter, the drugs take effect within 48 hours but it can be several weeks before a noticeable difference is seen with symptom reduction. Barondes’s (1993) research looked into balancing the dosage of the drug, lowering the drug dosage reduced the side effects but also reduced the effectiveness of the drug meaning it wouldn’t necessarily be a successful or quick recovery compared to high dosages of the neuroleptics. Although this showed clear evidence for the effectiveness of neuroleptics in combating schizophrenia, emphasized when changing the dosage changes the effectiveness of the neuroleptics. Comer’s (2001) research study looked into the effectiveness of the drugs, and found that for the majority of schizophrenia sufferers the drugs were effective and are the most successful treatment as they are more effective as a single treatment opposed to other therapies available. Researches conducted about neuroleptics shows neuroleptics are effective in reducing the symptoms of schizophrenia especially positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. Although relapse rates appear to be high and fast from coming off the drugs, meaning that essentially the patients will need to permanently take these drugs. Neuroleptics are well known for their large set of side effects that are damaging to patients health and wellbeing, reports of sedation, grogginess, blurred vision and impaired concentration. Approximately 2% of all patients who are using neuroleptics develop neuroleptic malignant syndrome which involves the patient gaining muscle rigidity, altered consciousness and fevers which can be fatal. Another serious side effect that is a negative to neuroleptics is that around 20% or more patients who have been regularly taking the drugs for over 1 year end up developing tardive dyskinesia which results in strange sucking and chewing, jerky limb movements and writhing of the mouth or face and even if the patient comes off the drugs these effects can be lifelong. Although Birchwood and Jackson’s (2001) provided contradictory evidence as their study concluded that there was no evidence that the use of neuroleptics were effective within treating the negative symptoms. Newer drug therapy for Schizophrenia is using atypical antipsychotics such as Clozaril and Zyprexa. These drugs work in the same way as typical antipsychotics by blocking/lessening the effects of the dopamine neurotransmitter but they also alter serotonin activity. Meltzer (1999) found in his study that roughly 33% of patients who’ve had no success when using neuroleptics responded much better with the atypical drug â€Å"clozapine†. Awad and Vruganti (1999) also backed the atypical drugs success rates when their study showed that 85% of patients suffering with schizophrenia benefitted from being on atypical drugs compared to the 65% rate given to those using neuroleptics. As Birchwood and Jackson found that neuroleptics had no effect within treat the negative symptoms of schizophrenia Remmington and Kapur found in 2000 that atypical drugs treat the negative symptoms of schizophrenia making atypical a preferred choice in medication. Atypical drugs are favourably the better choice for when using drug therapy to treat schizophrenia as it is more effective for symptoms and also has a higher rate of success within patients. The side effects of atypical drugs are also fewer compared to those of neuroleptics. There is one serious side effect of atypical drugs which is agranulocytosis, the risk of developing this is 1-2% and involves reduction in white blood cells within the patient which can be life threatening although olanzapine a type of atypical doesn’t cause this side effect. Drug therapy in total is the most effective than any other therapy that is used within the treatment of schizophrenia and the speed of therapy with drugs is much more rapid than that of psychological therapies. Although drug therapy only treats the symptoms of schizophrenia, and doesn’t manage to address the underlying reasons that are responsible for causing the illness within sufferers which means that patients will have to stay on the drugs to keep the symptoms suppressed and by coming off them most of the symptoms that the drugs are removing return relatively fast. Another issue with drug therapy for treating schizophrenia is that it’s not 100% effective and therefore is not working for every patient. Atypical drugs as mentioned earlier by Awad and Vruganti are 85% effective and neuroleptics even less which means that there’s a minimum of 15% of schizophrenia sufferers who drug therapy has no benefit towards creating individual differences. Also neuroleptics have no effect towards treating negative symptoms within patients so there are nowhere near as effective as using atypical drug therapy. As schizophrenia has a biological basis, drug therapy is a very appropriate form of therapy when treating schizophrenia, and helps the dopamine system because there is an imbalance in schizophrenic sufferers although this isn’t necessarily the root cause. One issue with drug therapy within schizophrenics is compliance because it can be difficult to confuse someone who is deluded and not in a correct state of mind to take the drugs which reduces its appropriateness and effectiveness. Drug therapy is also a reductionist form of treatment towards schizophrenia sufferers as it focuses on biological factors contributing towards the illness and ignores the psychological approach. Another form of therapy within schizophrenia is ECT (electroconvulsive therapy), this form of therapy was found when observing that epileptics don’t develop schizophrenia, resulting in the conclusion that the two disorders could not both be had by an individual at the same time. This led to the theory that inducing seizures like those that epileptics endure could help treat schizophrenia patients. Initially this therapy was done using drugs but then it changed to electric shocks as it was found they could produce seizures and that ECT has better outcomes than using drugs such as cardiazol. An electric current is passed through the patient’s head which in turn causes brain seizures. Originally it could result in broken bones as the entire body of the patient would be in seizure. Modern ECT uses muscle relaxants to minimise the convulsions the patient has and a use of anaesthetics allows the patient to sleep during the treatment and so therefore has no anxiety. Chanpattana (2007) found that the effects of ECT caused a reduction in positive schizophrenia symptoms and also improves social life and functioning. However ECT actually had no effect or worsened negative symptoms of the illness. Tharyan and Adams (2005) found that the effects of ECT was beneficial short term similar to those of drug therapy however the beneficial effects were smaller than drug therapy, and it was unclear whether or not any long term improvements came from the use of ECT. ECT has moderate effectiveness; it can improve symptoms rapidly for schizophrenia sufferers but those improvements only seem to be short term and long term improvement doesn’t occur generally. ECT’s actual effectiveness towards the symptoms is also limited because on its own it doesn’t offer the same amount of success as drugs. ECT is also less effective for negative symptoms and only effective in treating positive symptoms within sufferers, for example it doesn’t help towards reducing lack of motivation, emotion and social withdrawal. Also this therapy similarly to drugs only really treats the symptoms and not what actually causes schizophrenia making it a palliative treatment. The treatment itself is quite consistent with how the biological outlook on schizophrenia works, as it appears the majority of symptoms caused by schizophrenia come from dysfunctions of the brain and therefore treatment that directly affects the brain that alters how it functions is rather appropriate in terms of therapy and treatment. ECT has side effects such as memory loss, neurological damage and cognitive impairments. This can be an issue that some patients do not want to deal with making it hard to treat a patient if drug therapy is ineffective. However most of the side effects are only short term whereas drug therapy especially with typical (neuroleptics) has some serious long lasting side effects that are damaging to the human body. It’s also a reductionist form of therapy as it only focuses on one factor similar to drug therapy with is the biological factors clearly ignoring the psychological approach to treatment. Some people would say that because schizophrenia isn’t exact science and as we don’t know the true root cause of the illness then this treatment may not be appropriate for sufferers as the side effects as previously mentioned can be a lot to deal with when we aren’t even certain the treatment is actually treating the symptoms properly. ECT also has ethical issues as ECT is quite an extreme form of therapy when people undergo the treatment there are issues with whether or not the patient truly wants to undergo the therapy and that they might have been pressured into ECT.